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more... A Certain Ratio - To Each And Everyone 
2009-06-05 - extension: rar - size: 100 MB
A Certain Ratio - To Each And Everyone
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A Certain Ratio "Shack Up"
From Soul Jazz (UK): A Certain Ratio was one of the first groups to sign to the legendary Factory (More) From Soul Jazz (UK): A Certain Ratio was one of the first groups to sign to the legendary Factory Records in Manchester. Whilst many people credit New Order and The Happy Mondays as the groups who brought Dance music into the sound of Manchester (later Madchester!), it is in fact ACR who were there in the beginning. Formed in 1978, the initial line-up comprised Simon Topping (vocals), Martin Moscrop (guitar and trumpet), Peter Terrell (tape loops) and Jeremy Kerr (bass). Their debut seven-inch "All Night Party" was Factory Records fifth release. Soon after this Donald Johnson joined on drums. After a cassette only release "The Graveyard and The Ballroom" containing early versions of future ACR classic tracks like "Do The Du" and "Flight". After this came "Shack Up". This single originally came out in Belgium, on a new Belgium subsiduary, Factory Benelux, and consequently was only available on import. This release became an underground dance record in New York (Billboard chart position 52!). This would lead to their first gigs in New York at places like Danceteria and The Roxy. On their first gig in New York they were supported by a young Madonna! "Shack Up" had originally been recorded by Banbarra in the US and had been a Northern Soul/Funk favourite in the UK. Unlike many bands of this period, ACR were happy to mix the two traditions of their collective Manchester upbringing (Punk and Northern Soul). "Shack Up" manages to be one of Punk's funkiest ever products dancefloor material, sly humour, and Northern post-industrial alienation all in one go! ACR was the first UK band after Punk to record in America. This signified a shift in focus of many UK bands as they started to look towards American music and culture for inspiration. The album "To Each" was recorded in New Jersey in 1980. Produced by Martin Hannett, the sound was a mix of urban US Funk/Dance music rhythms with a cold, isolated Northern sound that made it sound unique. It was here that ACR came into closer contact with their influences. After completing the LP they invited New York group ESG (who they had recently played with) to use their remaining free studio time to record some material. This resulted in the first ESG release, which came out on Factory in the UK and 99 Records in the US. These tracks were the revolutionary "Moody", "UFO" and "You're No Good". It was while in New York that ACR first came across new musical styles. ACR first heard Nu Yorican Latin percussion Street music in Central Park. The following day ACR brought Bongos, Whistles, Congas and a Cuica and didn't look back! By the time of their next album "Sextet", ACR had all the ingredients of their sound in place. "Gum", "Knife Slits Water" "Skipscada" are from this album. At this time ACR would end their live sets with a ten-minute percussion workout (that would become Si Firmo O Grido) and had also taken to wearing Brazilian Football gear on stage! By the time their next album "I'd like To See You Again" was released, Factory Records had in a sense come round to ACR's musical philosophy. Rather than ACR falling in line with Factory's grey-trenchcoat set, the opposite was true. The front cover of "I'd Like To See You Again" showed the band standing in Factory's new pride and joy, the Hacienda night-club. Factory was re-inventing itself as purveyors of Dance culture, with Joy Division changed into the more dance-orientated New Order (after the death of singer Ian Curtis) and The Happy Mondays, Madchester and rave culture still to come. At this time ACR were still moving into new areas such as the arch Disco/Funk of tracks like "Touch". Shortly after this Simon Topping decided to leave the group to study Congas in New York. Tony Quigley was brought in on Saxophone and Andy Connell on keyboards. Tony was also a member of Manchester Jazz/Funk group Kalima, and this led to many ACR members also moonlighting in Kalima. Many new Manchester dance bands sprang up at this time. Simon Topping went on to form T-Coy with Mike Pickering who would later find fame in M-People. Andy Connell would also later find worldwide success with his pop group Swing Out Sister! At this period the once mighty Factory Records was beginning to fall apart. After ACR recording one more record for Factory (Force), Factory closed under the weight of crippling costs from The Hacienda and New Order and Happy Mondays recording costs (The Mondays ran up a bill of a quarter of a million pounds in the Bahamas!). More info and purchasing can be found at... http://www.souljazzrecords.co.uk/releases/?id=152 (Less)
rat weight.wmv
Study: Rats Weight Cost and Benefit By Jennifer Viegas, Animal Planet News June 16, 2006 — (More) Study: Rats Weight Cost and Benefit By Jennifer Viegas, Animal Planet News June 16, 2006 — Rats, like humans, contemplate problems by carefully weighing the costs and benefits of a situation before making decisions, according to a new study on Wistar rats, a rodent developed for research. The study is the first to demonstrate that a non-human animal creates a desired ratio, or standard, to decide between options requiring varying levels of effort and that yield different rewards. A person buying a new car, for example, must weigh the cost and the effort needed to make payments versus the value of the car. Rats, and likely all rodents, do something similar, only under a lot more pressure. "In its natural habitat, rats are facing the problem that little is under their control, so they are facing various levels and forms of uncertainty all the time," said Ruud van den Bos, who led the research. "For instance, the quality and amount of food items at patches varies over time and between different patches, thus benefits are not always the same." Van den Bos, a scientist in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University in The Netherlands, added, "The amount of energy spent to obtain these different items varies during the different foraging sessions, as sometimes it's cold, sometimes it's hot, sometimes it rains, sometimes sudden obstacles are present after heavy storms, etc." Van den Bos and his team attempted to duplicate such challenges by manipulating barriers in a T-shaped maze that rats explored. Rats entered at the bottom of the "T," which connected two arms. At the end of each arm was a chamber filled with treats. One side had a low reward — one sugar pellet — while the other side had three to five sugar pellets. Rats that wanted the higher rewards had to climb steep barriers. It would be like placing a person's favorite dessert behind a Marines-type training wall that would have to be scaled before the individual could nosh. The researchers varied the size of the barrier and the amount of reward on that side to see how the rodents would react. At first the rats went for the easy pickings, but when they determined more sweets were available on the other side of the maze, they exerted additional effort, but only after a certain point. When the pain yielded too little gain, they stuck with the tiny treat. Findings have been accepted for publication in the journal Behavioral Brain Research. The researchers also noted that rats seem to behave according to an internal constant standard, a relative ratio for each situation by which choices are measured. This is comparable to how a car purchaser may enter a dealership with a budget in mind. Since this standard varies depending on the situation, it is possibly part inherent and part created by individuals. John Salamone, professor and head of Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Connecticut, developed the T-maze for previous studies. He also recently authored a paper in Current Psychiatry Reviews that determined problems in the brain associated with effort-related processes, such as how much energy an individual will put out to obtain a reward, could be linked to depression. This suggests rats get depressed too. Salamone's own research indicates interference with dopamine, a neurotransmitter chemical in the brain, may make individuals less likely to work for rewards and biased toward low-effort alternatives. "Exertion of effort and energy and energy-related decision-making are fundamental for survival, in humans and other animals, and I am very happy that more and more people are getting involved in this sort of research," said Salamone, who added the new work as "an excellent piece of research." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Primary Classification: Rattus (Rats) Location: Worldwide Habitat: Areas populated by humans, as well as forests and deserts. Diet: Omnivorous Size: Up to 10 inches in length and 1 lb in weight. Description: Large, dark eyes; pointy noses; cupped ears; short fine hair on tails; long, slender bodies; back legs longer and stronger than their front legs; clawed feet covered with short, silky fur. Cool Facts: They have glands on the bottom of their feet, so they leave a wet scent trail wherever they walk. They use their tails for many functions including balance, temperature control and communication. Conservation Status: Common -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I give all the credit to animal planet news for more info go to :http://animal.discovery.com/news/briefs/20060612/smartrat.html (Less)
A Certain Ratio "Shack Up" From Soul Jazz (UK): A Certain Ratio was one of the first groups to sign to the legendary Factory (More) From Soul Jazz (UK): A Certain Ratio was one of the first groups to sign to the legendary Factory Records in Manchester. Whilst many people credit New Order and The Happy Mondays as the groups who brought Dance music into the sound of Manchester (later Madchester!), it is in fact ACR who were there in the beginning. Formed in 1978, the initial line-up comprised Simon Topping (vocals), Martin Moscrop (guitar and trumpet), Peter Terrell (tape loops) and Jeremy Kerr (bass). Their debut seven-inch "All Night Party" was Factory Records fifth release. Soon after this Donald Johnson joined on drums. After a cassette only release "The Graveyard and The Ballroom" containing early versions of future ACR classic tracks like "Do The Du" and "Flight". After this came "Shack Up". This single originally came out in Belgium, on a new Belgium subsiduary, Factory Benelux, and consequently was only available on import. This release became an underground dance record in New York (Billboard chart position 52!). This would lead to their first gigs in New York at places like Danceteria and The Roxy. On their first gig in New York they were supported by a young Madonna! "Shack Up" had originally been recorded by Banbarra in the US and had been a Northern Soul/Funk favourite in the UK. Unlike many bands of this period, ACR were happy to mix the two traditions of their collective Manchester upbringing (Punk and Northern Soul). "Shack Up" manages to be one of Punk's funkiest ever products dancefloor material, sly humour, and Northern post-industrial alienation all in one go! ACR was the first UK band after Punk to record in America. This signified a shift in focus of many UK bands as they started to look towards American music and culture for inspiration. The album "To Each" was recorded in New Jersey in 1980. Produced by Martin Hannett, the sound was a mix of urban US Funk/Dance music rhythms with a cold, isolated Northern sound that made it sound unique. It was here that ACR came into closer contact with their influences. After completing the LP they invited New York group ESG (who they had recently played with) to use their remaining free studio time to record some material. This resulted in the first ESG release, which came out on Factory in the UK and 99 Records in the US. These tracks were the revolutionary "Moody", "UFO" and "You're No Good". It was while in New York that ACR first came across new musical styles. ACR first heard Nu Yorican Latin percussion Street music in Central Park. The following day ACR brought Bongos, Whistles, Congas and a Cuica and didn't look back! By the time of their next album "Sextet", ACR had all the ingredients of their sound in place. "Gum", "Knife Slits Water" "Skipscada" are from this album. At this time ACR would end their live sets with a ten-minute percussion workout (that would become Si Firmo O Grido) and had also taken to wearing Brazilian Football gear on stage! By the time their next album "I'd like To See You Again" was released, Factory Records had in a sense come round to ACR's musical philosophy. Rather than ACR falling in line with Factory's grey-trenchcoat set, the opposite was true. The front cover of "I'd Like To See You Again" showed the band standing in Factory's new pride and joy, the Hacienda night-club. Factory was re-inventing itself as purveyors of Dance culture, with Joy Division changed into the more dance-orientated New Order (after the death of singer Ian Curtis) and The Happy Mondays, Madchester and rave culture still to come. At this time ACR were still moving into new areas such as the arch Disco/Funk of tracks like "Touch". Shortly after this Simon Topping decided to leave the group to study Congas in New York. Tony Quigley was brought in on Saxophone and Andy Connell on keyboards. Tony was also a member of Manchester Jazz/Funk group Kalima, and this led to many ACR members also moonlighting in Kalima. Many new Manchester dance bands sprang up at this time. Simon Topping went on to form T-Coy with Mike Pickering who would later find fame in M-People. Andy Connell would also later find worldwide success with his pop group Swing Out Sister! At this period the once mighty Factory Records was beginning to fall apart. After ACR recording one more record for Factory (Force), Factory closed under the weight of crippling costs from The Hacienda and New Order and Happy Mondays recording costs (The Mondays ran up a bill of a quarter of a million pounds in the Bahamas!). More info and purchasing can be found at... http://www.souljazzrecords.co.uk/releases/?id=152 (Less)
rat weight.wmv Study: Rats Weight Cost and Benefit By Jennifer Viegas, Animal Planet News June 16, 2006 — (More) Study: Rats Weight Cost and Benefit By Jennifer Viegas, Animal Planet News June 16, 2006 — Rats, like humans, contemplate problems by carefully weighing the costs and benefits of a situation before making decisions, according to a new study on Wistar rats, a rodent developed for research. The study is the first to demonstrate that a non-human animal creates a desired ratio, or standard, to decide between options requiring varying levels of effort and that yield different rewards. A person buying a new car, for example, must weigh the cost and the effort needed to make payments versus the value of the car. Rats, and likely all rodents, do something similar, only under a lot more pressure. "In its natural habitat, rats are facing the problem that little is under their control, so they are facing various levels and forms of uncertainty all the time," said Ruud van den Bos, who led the research. "For instance, the quality and amount of food items at patches varies over time and between different patches, thus benefits are not always the same." Van den Bos, a scientist in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University in The Netherlands, added, "The amount of energy spent to obtain these different items varies during the different foraging sessions, as sometimes it's cold, sometimes it's hot, sometimes it rains, sometimes sudden obstacles are present after heavy storms, etc." Van den Bos and his team attempted to duplicate such challenges by manipulating barriers in a T-shaped maze that rats explored. Rats entered at the bottom of the "T," which connected two arms. At the end of each arm was a chamber filled with treats. One side had a low reward — one sugar pellet — while the other side had three to five sugar pellets. Rats that wanted the higher rewards had to climb steep barriers. It would be like placing a person's favorite dessert behind a Marines-type training wall that would have to be scaled before the individual could nosh. The researchers varied the size of the barrier and the amount of reward on that side to see how the rodents would react. At first the rats went for the easy pickings, but when they determined more sweets were available on the other side of the maze, they exerted additional effort, but only after a certain point. When the pain yielded too little gain, they stuck with the tiny treat. Findings have been accepted for publication in the journal Behavioral Brain Research. The researchers also noted that rats seem to behave according to an internal constant standard, a relative ratio for each situation by which choices are measured. This is comparable to how a car purchaser may enter a dealership with a budget in mind. Since this standard varies depending on the situation, it is possibly part inherent and part created by individuals. John Salamone, professor and head of Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Connecticut, developed the T-maze for previous studies. He also recently authored a paper in Current Psychiatry Reviews that determined problems in the brain associated with effort-related processes, such as how much energy an individual will put out to obtain a reward, could be linked to depression. This suggests rats get depressed too. Salamone's own research indicates interference with dopamine, a neurotransmitter chemical in the brain, may make individuals less likely to work for rewards and biased toward low-effort alternatives. "Exertion of effort and energy and energy-related decision-making are fundamental for survival, in humans and other animals, and I am very happy that more and more people are getting involved in this sort of research," said Salamone, who added the new work as "an excellent piece of research." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Primary Classification: Rattus (Rats) Location: Worldwide Habitat: Areas populated by humans, as well as forests and deserts. Diet: Omnivorous Size: Up to 10 inches in length and 1 lb in weight. Description: Large, dark eyes; pointy noses; cupped ears; short fine hair on tails; long, slender bodies; back legs longer and stronger than their front legs; clawed feet covered with short, silky fur. Cool Facts: They have glands on the bottom of their feet, so they leave a wet scent trail wherever they walk. They use their tails for many functions including balance, temperature control and communication. Conservation Status: Common -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I give all the credit to animal planet news for more info go to :http://animal.discovery.com/news/briefs/20060612/smartrat.html (Less)
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