American Headway 3
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Newsreel of the Estonian and Latvian Waffen-SS in Action This unit had its origins in the Estonian SS Legion which was first formed on the 28th of August, (More) This unit had its origins in the Estonian SS Legion which was first formed on the 28th of August, 1942. Wikipedia: Division - Battles at Narva In January 1944, the 20. Estnische SS-Freiwilligen-Division began formation. The majority of the troops were drawn from the 3. Estnische SS-Freiwilligen Brigade, however elements from Ost Battalions Nr. 658, also known as Pups of Rebane (="Fox") and Nr. 659, the 287.Polizei-Füsilier-Bataillon and the returned Estonian volunteers of the Finnish army unit Infantry Regiment 200 were also absorbed into the division. On 8 February 1944, the division was attached to SS-Gruppenführer Felix Steiner's III SS (Germanic) Panzer Corps, currently defending the heavily pressured Narva bridgehead. The division was to replace the remnants of the 9. and 10.Luftwaffe-Feld-Divisions, which were struggling to hold the line against a Soviet bridgehead near Siivertsi. Upon arriving at the front on 20 February, the Estonians were immediately ordered to eradicate the threatening Siivertsi Soviet bridgehead. In nine days of heavy fighting, the division had pushed the Soviets back across the river, and restored the line. The division remained stationed in the Ssivertsi sector, being engaged in heavy combat. In May, the division was pulled back and reformed as the 20. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (estnische Nr.1), and the returned Narwa battalion was absorbed into the division as the reconnaissance abteilung. By that time active conscription of Estonian men into the German armed forces was well under way, in violation of the international law of war. By spring 1944, approximately 32 000 men were drafted into the German forces, with the 20. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (estnische Nr.1) consisting of some 15 000 men. When Steiner ordered a withdrawal to the Tannenbergstellung on July 25, the division was deployed on the Kinderheim-höhe, the first line of defence for the new position. Over the next month, the division was engaged in heavy defensive battles on the Kinderheim and Grenadier-höhe. In mid-August, the division's 45th Estland and 46th regiments were formed into Kampfgruppe Vent and sent south to help defend the Emajogi river line, seeing heavy fighting. When Hitler authorised a full withdrawal from Estonia in mid September, all men who wished to stay to defend their homes were released from service. Many chose this offer, fighting the Soviets alongside other Estonians and then withdrawing into the forests to become the Forest Brothers. Severely weakened by this, the division was withdrawn to Neuhammer to be refitted. Vistula-Oder Offensive - Final battles Eventually, the reformed division numbered roughly 11,000 Estonians and 2,500 Germans. It was returned to the line in late February, just in time for the Soviet Vistula-Oder Offensive. This offensive forced the German forces back behind the Oder and Neisse rivers. The division was pushed back to the Neisse, taking heavy casualties. The division was then trapped with the XI. Armeekorps in the Oberglogau - Falkenberg - Friedberg area. On 17 March, the division launched a major escape attempt, but despite making headway, the attempt failed. On 19 March, the division tried again, this time succeeding but leaving all heavy weapons and equipment behind in the pocket. In April 1945, the shattered remnants of the division were moved south to the area around Goldberg. After the final Soviet offensive, the division attempted to break out in the west, in order to surrender to the western Allies. After marching over the Reichenberg and Annaberg mountains, the division was encircled by Russian forces and capitulated on May 8. Some of the Estonians who had reached the western allies were handed back to the Soviets. The survivors could, at best, expect a lengthy stay in the Gulags. In contrast, some veterans of the Estonian Legion served as guards under American leadership at the Nuremberg Nazi war crimes trials. -- The Baltic Schutzmannschaft found themselves in a unique situation, they saw the Germans as liberators from Bolshevism. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were occupied by the Soviet Union for slightly over a year and had experienced the brutality of the Soviets hence a passionate zeal against Bolshevism. The fighting in and around Narva, Estonia was also known as the "Battle of the European SS" since it involved a great number of foreign members in the Waffen-SS. (Less)
В.Путин.Выступление и ответы.14.11.01.Part 3 Speech and Answers to Questions at Rice University.Part 3
November 14, 2001
Houston
(More) Speech and Answers to Questions at Rice University.Part 3
November 14, 2001
Houston
Выступление и ответы на вопросы в Университете Райса
14 ноября 2001 года
Хьюстон
First, Russia is maintaining a high rate of economic growth. Our GDP increased by 8.3% last year, this year the growth target was originally 4%, but in reality it will be about 6% 5.7-5.8%. Industrial output has also registered steady growth. We think that it will come out at 8% at the end of the year. The favourable foreign trade conditions is only one reason. Internal incentives have appeared in Russia. One indicator is the work of our banking sector, which has increased credit to industry by more than 40%.
Secondly, the legal conditions for business have noticeably improved. The number of licensed activities has dropped from 2,000 (the legacy of the planned economy) to 104. That is still a few too many, but we intend to take another step to cut down on bureaucracy and liberalise the Russian economy. Businesses will soon be registered on a one-stop basis, within a single system and according to uniform rules. A law to this effect will come into force in July of next year.
The new Land Code, whose absence has been a brake on the economy for many years, will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the investment and business climate.
Legislation has been passed to counter money-laundering. We have challenged the black market which has been eroding the countrys economy. We have supported legal business, and it has received extra protection.
Thirdly, the corporate governance of Russian companies is gradually improving. A corporate governance code based on world business standards has been prepared.
Fourth, also very important, and perhaps the most important thing is the easing of the tax burden, something that has been discussed in Russia for years (for a whole ten years) and on which very little had been done until recently. As of January 2002 profit tax will be cut from 35% to 24%. All the tax breaks are abolished, that is, Russian business is becoming more transparent. And I have no doubt that we will stick to this approach in forming the rules of the game.
In the field of extraction of natural resources we have introduced one tax instead of three. Many in this room probably know that we now boast the lowest rate of income tax levied on private persons. It is the lowest in Europe, it is a flat-rate tax which does not depend on the size of income, and it is just 13%. And I must say that such a liberal approach had the immediate effect of sharply increasing the collection of taxes into the federal budget.
Accession to the WTO is one of our priorities. We are deliberately synchronising this process with internal reforms. Having said that, we understand that this step would bring not only benefits but also additional obligations. We realise we have to do it within a short space of time and we are deliberately speeding up the negotiating process. Already we are preparing a package of laws that will fill the blank spots in terms of international standards and WTO rules.
And I would like to stress that we will seek standard terms of admission to the WTO. It is quite a complicated process, but of late, it has been making good headway, not without support from our American partners. (Less)
akhareshe info A H 3 B
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American Headway Collection
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American Headway Collection
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American Headway 3 WB
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American Headway 3
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American Headway 3
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